What is decreased bone density?
Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a condition where the bones become less dense and more porous over time. This leads to the bones becoming fragile and at higher risk for fractures.
Some key points about decreased bone density:
- It often develops without symptoms, so many people don't realize they have it until a fracture occurs
- It is very common, affecting over 200 million people worldwide
- Certain factors increase the risks, including older age, family history, smoking, low calcium intake, and lack of physical activity
What causes decreased bone density?
There are a few main culprits:
- Aging - As we get older, bone breakdown overtakes bone building, causing gradual bone loss over time
- Hormone changes - Lower estrogen levels in women after menopause and lower testosterone levels in men can lead to accelerated bone loss
- Inadequate nutrition - Not getting enough calcium, vitamin D and other key nutrients needed for bone health
- Inactive lifestyle - Lack of weight-bearing exercise causes bones to weaken
How is it diagnosed and treated?
The key test used to diagnose decreased bone density is a DEXA scan. This special X-ray measures bone mineral density in the spine, hips, and sometimes forearm.
Based on the results, the doctor can determine whether the patient has normal bone density, osteopenia, or osteoporosis. They will also assess fracture risk by taking into account other factors like lifestyle, medications, and medical history.
Treatments aim to strengthen bones to prevent fractures, including:
- Weight-bearing exercise to stimulate bone growth
- Calcium and vitamin D supplements
- Prescription medications like bisphosphonates
- For serious cases, Prolia or Reclast injections
The good news is decreased bone density can often be improved through early diagnosis and proper ongoing management. But patients need to take action - adopting healthy lifestyle habits and closely working with their healthcare provider.
Let me know if you have any other questions! Osteoporosis can sound scary, but there are plenty of steps you can take to strengthen your bones.